| Name | Responsible Institution | Products |
|---|
| Electromagnetic Radiation: |
AMALi Lidar Details
No Details
| Name |
Airborne Mobile Aerosol LIdar |
| Description |
The AMALi transmits Nd:YAG laser light pulses either upward (zenith configuration) or downward (nadir).
The laser light interacts with and is changed by atmospheric constituents influencing the backscattered light intensity. The backscattered light
is collected with an off-axis telescope mirror and directed onto the detection system. The detection of the two wavelengths 355 nm and 532 nm (the
latter in both perpendicular and parallel polarisation mode) provides an information on existence, distribution, backscatter and depolarisation
of aerosols and thin clouds in the troposphere. The applied 2-minute integration time results in a horizontal resolution range from 4.3 km to 12.4 km
for a minimum of 130 km/h and a maximum of 370 km/h aircraft cruising speed over ground, respectively. The transient recorders register the backscattered
light with a maximum sampling rate of 21 MHz corresponding to a range/height resolution of 7.5 m. The on-line quick look data evaluation allows an
immediate interpretation. |
| Measured species |
Tropospheric Aerosol (vertical profile in nadir configuration) - Airborne System |
| Method |
Measurement of number of backscattered photons versus time of pulsed laser |
| Quantity primary |
The profiles of backscatter coefficients (m-1 sr-1) and depolarisation information |
| Quantity secondary |
Qualitative separation of aerosol types according to wavelength dependence and depolarisation |
| Spectral range |
Simultaneous measurements with 532 nm and 355 nm wavelengths |
| Altitude range |
2.5–3 km down to the ground/sea level or from plane altitude upwards to tropopause |
| Vertical resolution |
7.5 m |
| Temporal resolution |
2 min |
| AWI | Particle extinction coefficient, cloud-top height |
AISA Eagle Hyperspectral Camera Details
No Details
| Name |
EAGLE |
| Description |
The AISA Eagle is a hyperspectral imaging sensor that we will use to measure the spatial distribution of upwelling radiance. The
field of view (swath) is 36° wide, which is divided into 1024 channels. In the spectral dimension, 488 pixels are used in the range from 400 to 970 nm.
The central pixels will be compared to the radiance measurement of the SMART-Albedometer (1.5° field of view) to get an optimal combination of both
instruments, and to obtain the spatial distribution of the cloud-particle phase (ice or liquid) in mixed-phase clouds. |
| Measured species |
Atmospheric Radiation |
| Method |
Hyperspectral Grating Spectrometry |
| Quantity primary |
Reflectance |
| Quantity secondary |
Spatial distribution of cloud particle phase |
| Spectral range |
400–970 nm |
| Location |
Underfloor compartment with nadir window |
| Spatial pixels |
1024 |
| Temporal resolution |
4–100 Hz |
| AWI, LIM | Hyperspectral radiance I(t, y, λ), cloud optical depth |
SMART Albedometer Details
No Details
| Name |
Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation measurement sysTem |
| Description |
The SMART-Albedometer measures upwelling and downwelling spectral irradiances and radiances in the spectral range
from 0.3 to 2.2 µm. The radiation is collected by optical inlets which are different for the radiance and the irradiance. The collected radiation
is transmitted with fibre optical cables to spectrometers of different types.
|
| Measured species |
Atmospheric Radiation |
| Method |
Grating Spectrometry |
| Quantity primary |
Spectral irradiance and radiance, upwelling and downwelling |
| Quantity secondary |
Cloud reflectivity |
| Spectral range |
0.3–2.2 μm |
| Location |
Top and bottom openings of aircraft fuselage |
| Radiance Viewing Angle |
2.1° |
| Temporal resolution |
0.3 seconds |
| LIM | Spectral radiance I(ynadir, t, λ), irradiance F(t, λ); cloud optical depth and effective radius, ice indices |
| Sun-Photometer | AWI | Aerosol optical depth |
| Broadband Radiation Sensors (up- and downward looking) | AWI / FIELAX | Brodband irradiance F(t) for UV/VIS and TIR spectral ranges |
KT-19 radiation thermometer (downward looking) Details
No Details
| Name |
KT-19 Infrared Radiation Pyrometer |
| Description |
Measures infrared radiation and converts it to a temperature. |
| Quantity primary |
Infrared radiation |
| Quantity secondary |
Brightness temperature |
| Spectral range |
9.6–11.5 μm |
| AWI / FIELAX | Cloud-top or surface temperature |
| Up- and downward looking digital Video | AWI / FIELAX | Video imagery |
| Stereo Camera (downward looking digital photo camera) | AWI / FIELAX | Photo documentation, cloud phase function |
| Cloud and Aerosol in-situ Probing: |
NIXE-CAPS
Details
No Details
| Name |
NIXE-CAPS |
| Description |
The Novel Ice Experiment—Cloud and Aerosol Particle Spectrometer (NICE-CAPS) of the
Forschungszentrum Jülich provides information about the size, concentration, and phase of single particles. It contains a
Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS) that detects size and phase for particles between 0.6 an 50 μm via forward and
depolarized backward laser scattering, a Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP; laser projection of particles on a photodiode array)
with three grayscale levels to improve particle visibillity in the size range of 15–930 μm, and a hot-wire liquid
water sensor (LWC–100). Shattering effects can be corrected via interarrival time calculations.
|
| Measured species |
Cloud particles (droplets and/or ice crystals) |
| Method |
Forward/depolarized backward laser scattering; laser imaging |
| Quantity |
Particle size, concentration, phase |
| Spectral range |
Cloud particles in the diameter range 0.6 μm–930 μm |
| Location |
Mounted under aircraft wing |
| FZJ | Cloud particle size distribution and particle phase |
SID-3 Details
No Details
| Name |
Small Ice Detector |
| Description |
The Samll Ice Detector is a cloud and aerosol particle probe sensitive to particles between 1 and 100 μm size.
Forward scattering of a laser beam by the particle is detected by a 2D sensor (ICCD camera), and is analyzed to obtain the particle shape and size:
the radial and azimuthal symmetry of the diffraction pattern is determined by the symmetry of the particle. The SID-3 is mounted in open-path
geometry to minimize shattering. |
| Measured species |
Cloud Particles (ice crystals) |
| Method |
Symmetry analysis of diffraction pattern |
| Quantity |
Shape of ice particle; size. |
| Size range |
1–100 μm |
| Location |
Mounted under aircraft wing |
| KIT | Cloud particle shape and size |
CCP
Details
No Details
| Name |
Cloud Combination Probe |
| Description |
The Cloud Combination Probe (CCP) combines a Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) for cloud particles in the size range
of 30–1000 μm and a Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) for the size range of 2–47 μm.
|
| Measured species |
Cloud particles |
| Method |
Forward scattering of laser light |
| Quantity |
Particle size distribution, imaging |
| Size range |
2–1000 µm |
| Location |
Mounted under aircraft wing |
| IPA Mainz | Cloud particle size distribution |
CAS-DPOL Details
No Details
| Name |
CAS-DPOL |
| Description |
The Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer with Depolarization (CAS-DPOL) detects forward and backward scattering of
laser light by cloud or aerosol particles. Both signals are split for the measurement of the depolarization of the laser light during the
scattering process.
|
| Measured species |
Cloud/Aerosol Particles |
| Method |
Forward/backward scattering of laser light |
| Quantity |
Particle size distribution, with phase and shape information from forward/backward and depolarization |
| Size range |
0.5–50 μm |
| ;Location |
Mounted under aircraft wing |
| DLR—IPA | Cloud particle size distribution |
ALABAMA Details
No Details
| Name |
ALABAMA (Aircraft-based Laser Ablation Aerosol Mass Spectrometer) |
| Description |
The ALABAMA is a single particle laser ablation instrument that was developed especially for aircraft operation.
|
| Measured species |
Aerosol Particles |
| Method |
Laser ablation and time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
| Quantity |
Size and chemical composition of aerosol particles |
| Size range |
135–900 nm |
| Location |
Mounted inside the aircraft |
| MPIC Mainz | Cloud particle size distribution |
| Avionics: |
| Flight Management System | AWI / FIELAX | |
| Inertial Reference System | AWI / FIELAX | |
| Air Data Computer | AWI / FIELAX | |
| Radar Altimeter | AWI / FIELAX | Ground altitude |
| Meteorology: |
| Basic Met | AWI / FIELAX | Pressure, humidity, temperature |
CR-2 Humidity Sensor Details
No Details
| Name |
CR-2 Cryogenic Hygrometer |
| Description |
Rotary Stirling-cycle tactical cryocooler |
| Quantity |
Dew point |
| Spectral range |
−100°C to 30°C |
| Temporal resolution |
10–20 s |
| AWI / FIELAX | Air humidity |
AIMMS-20 Details
No Details
| Name |
Advanced Airborne MeasureMent Solutions |
| Description |
Airborne weather station |
| Measured species |
Meteorology, Attitude |
| Quantities |
Temperature, pressure, humidity, wind vector, magnetic field;
3-axis acceleration and angular rates;
GPS position and velocity |
| Altitude range |
Mounted on aircraft |
| Temporal resolution |
? |
| AWI / FIELAX | Temperature, pressure, humidity, wind vector, aircraft attitude |
AVAPS Lite Dropsonde System Details
No Details
| Name |
AVAPS Lite |
| Description |
Atmospheric profiling by dropsonde |
| Measured species |
Temperature, pressure, humidity, wind |
| Method |
p, T, RH sensors on a parachuting platform, data transferred to aircraft by radio |
| Quantity primary |
Profile of temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind; GPS position |
| Altitude range |
From aircraft to surface |
| Vertical resolution |
5.5 m |
| Temporal resolution |
2 Hz |
| AWI / FIELAX | Profiles of air pressure, humidity, temperature, and wind |
Nevzorov Probe
Details
No Details
| Name |
Nevzorov Probe |
| Description |
Particles hit a heated resistor (hot wire). The energy that is needed to evaporate the particle is a measure for its size.
Two heated resistors are used, a cone (total water content) and a rectangle (liquid water content).
|
| Measured species |
Cloud particles |
| Method |
Evaporation |
| Quantity primary |
Liquid and Total Water Content |
| Quantity secondary |
Ice Water Content |
| Spectral range |
Total and liquid water content range from 0.003 to 3 g m−3 |
| Altitude range |
Mounted on aircraft |
| Vertical resolution |
— |
| Temporal resolution |
100 Hz |
| AWI / LaMP | Liquid and Total Water Content |
| Sea ice: |
EM Bird
Details
No Details
| Name |
Electromagnetic Bird (EM Bird) |
| Description |
Ice-thickness measurements by electromagnetic (EM) induction. Flights during the first three days; separate from VERDI.
|
| Method |
The sonde hangs on a rope below the aircraft, very close to the sea ice. The ice thickness is measured by electromagnetic induction. |
| AWI | Thickness of sea ice |
