Talk: Text-mining propaganda: Studying Tibetan newspapers, 1950s to early 1960s

Date 21 November 2024
Time 5:00 pm to 6:30 pm
Venue Paul Webley Wing (Senate House), SOAS University of London
Room Wolfson Lecture Theatre (SWLT)

Abstract

The 1950s and 1960s were pivotal periods both for the People’s Republic of China and on the Tibetan plateau, where major social and political change took place, including the absorption of Tibet into the new Chinese state and the flight of the Dalai Lama into exile. 

Study of events in Tibet in this period is, however, particularly difficult because archival access is heavily restricted. As a result, historians have to turn largely to propaganda materials from that time, such as the newspapers produced by either side, as primary sources for the study of that period. 

The Divergent Discourse project is trialling the use of newspapers from that time as historical sources and developing techniques for analysing their content. Working with such texts, however, presents numerous difficulties, ranging from distinguishing informational from polemical content to the challenges of digitising Tibetan language and script. In this presentation, we discuss the use of digital humanities tools to mine the corpus we have compiled of Tibetan-language newspapers produced within China and the exile Tibetan community in the 1950s and 1960s, and the prospects of discourse-tracing as a strategy for the historical study of that period.

Speakers

Dr Franz Xaver Erhard (Leipzig) is the PI of the German part of the Divergent Discourses project. He is a philologist specialising in modern Tibetan literature and early Tibetan-language newspapers. He obtained his PhD in Tibetology from Leipzig University and has taught Tibetan in Berlin, Oxford and Leipzig.

Dr Robert Barnett is the PI of the UK part of the Divergent Discourses project, funded by the AHRC. He works on nationality issues in China and modern Tibetan history, politics and culture and is a Professor and Senior Research Fellow at SOAS and an affiliate lecturer and research affiliate at King’s College London. Recent publications and edited volumes include Forceful Diplomacy (Turquoise Roof, 2024); Conflicted Memories with Benno Weiner and Françoise Robin (Brill, 2020); Tibetan Modernities: Notes from the Field with Ronald Schwartz (Brill, 2008); and Lhasa: Streets with Memories (Columbia, 2006).

Organiser

This event is co-hosted by the SOAS China Institute and the SOAS China and Inner Asia Section.

Modern-Botok. Custom dictionary for modern Tibetan

Tsikchen.tsv is a customised dictionary to be integrated into the Tibetan tokenizer BoTok. BoTok can tokenize classical Tibetan text or traditional genres out of the box. However, since it depends on a dictionary for tokenization, it lacks capabilities for modern Tibetan, in particular, the language of modern newspapers published in the PRC or on the subcontinent. Adding this customised dictionary adds functionality for modern Tibetan to BoTok.

Erhard, F. Xaver & Kyogoku, Yuki. (2024). Modern-Botok. Custom dictionary for modern Tibetan (v0.1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14034747

The custom dictionary tsikchen was compiled from Christian Steinert’s collection and contains the following dictionaries:

  1. Grand Monlam Dictionary (default dictionary of Botok)
  2. Jim Valby
  3. Ives Waldo
  4. Dan Martin
  5. Tshig mdzod chen mo
  6. Dung dkar
  7. Tibetan Terminology Project

The Divergent Discourses project cleaned up and edited the resulting dictionary to the project’s requirements (removal of double entries, phraseologisms, ungrammatical entries, etc; addition of ca. 1000 personal and place names).

For its installation, see the Divergent Discourses’ modern-botok repository on github.